链接了的 数据线和电池都链接的 但是断了数据线后 小车就不动了
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RE: 小车无法脱机运行
先编写此代码
from pyb import Pin, Timer inverse_left=False #change it to True to inverse left wheel inverse_right=False #change it to True to inverse right wheel ain1 = Pin('P0', Pin.OUT_PP) ain2 = Pin('P1', Pin.OUT_PP) bin1 = Pin('P2', Pin.OUT_PP) bin2 = Pin('P3', Pin.OUT_PP) ain1.low() ain2.low() bin1.low() bin2.low() pwma = Pin('P7') pwmb = Pin('P8') tim = Timer(4, freq=1000) ch1 = tim.channel(1, Timer.PWM, pin=pwma) ch2 = tim.channel(2, Timer.PWM, pin=pwmb) ch1.pulse_width_percent(0) ch2.pulse_width_percent(0) def run(left_speed, right_speed): if inverse_left==True: left_speed=(-left_speed) if inverse_right==True: right_speed=(-right_speed) if left_speed < 0: ain1.low() ain2.high() else: ain1.high() ain2.low() ch1.pulse_width_percent(abs(left_speed)) if right_speed < 0: bin1.low() bin2.high() else: bin1.high() bin2.low() ch2.pulse_width_percent(abs(right_speed)) ``` 保存到FLASH里面 改名为car.py 在编写此代码
from pyb import millis
from math import pi, isnanclass PID:
_kp = _ki = _kd = _integrator = _imax = 0
_last_error = _last_derivative = _last_t = 0
_RC = 1/(2 * pi * 20)
def init(self, p=0, i=0, d=0, imax=0):
self._kp = float(p)
self._ki = float(i)
self._kd = float(d)
self._imax = abs(imax)
self._last_derivative = float('nan')def get_pid(self, error, scaler): tnow = millis() dt = tnow - self._last_t output = 0 if self._last_t == 0 or dt > 1000: dt = 0 self.reset_I() self._last_t = tnow delta_time = float(dt) / float(1000) output += error * self._kp if abs(self._kd) > 0 and dt > 0: if isnan(self._last_derivative): derivative = 0 self._last_derivative = 0 else: derivative = (error - self._last_error) / delta_time derivative = self._last_derivative + \ ((delta_time / (self._RC + delta_time)) * \ (derivative - self._last_derivative)) self._last_error = error self._last_derivative = derivative output += self._kd * derivative output *= scaler if abs(self._ki) > 0 and dt > 0: self._integrator += (error * self._ki) * scaler * delta_time if self._integrator < -self._imax: self._integrator = -self._imax elif self._integrator > self._imax: self._integrator = self._imax output += self._integrator return output def reset_I(self): self._integrator = 0 self._last_derivative = float('nan')
接着编写此代码
Blob Detection Example
This example shows off how to use the find_blobs function to find color
blobs in the image. This example in particular looks for dark green objects.
import sensor, image, time
import car
from pid import PIDYou may need to tweak the above settings for tracking green things...
Select an area in the Framebuffer to copy the color settings.
sensor.reset() # Initialize the camera sensor.
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # use RGB565.
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQVGA) # use QQVGA for speed.
sensor.skip_frames(10) # Let new settings take affect.
sensor.set_auto_whitebal(False) # turn this off.
clock = time.clock() # Tracks FPS.For color tracking to work really well you should ideally be in a very, very,
very, controlled enviroment where the lighting is constant...
green_threshold = (76, 96, -110, -30, 8, 66)
size_threshold = 2000
x_pid = PID(p=0.5, i=1, imax=100)
h_pid = PID(p=0.05, i=0.1, imax=50)def find_max(blobs):
max_size=0
for blob in blobs:
if blob[2]*blob[3] > max_size:
max_blob=blob
max_size = blob[2]*blob[3]
return max_blobwhile(True):
clock.tick() # Track elapsed milliseconds between snapshots().
img = sensor.snapshot() # Take a picture and return the image.blobs = img.find_blobs([green_threshold]) if blobs: max_blob = find_max(blobs) x_error = max_blob[5]-img.width()/2 h_error = max_blob[2]*max_blob[3]-size_threshold print("x error: ", x_error) ''' for b in blobs: # Draw a rect around the blob. img.draw_rectangle(b[0:4]) # rect img.draw_cross(b[5], b[6]) # cx, cy ''' img.draw_rectangle(max_blob[0:4]) # rect img.draw_cross(max_blob[5], max_blob[6]) # cx, cy x_output=x_pid.get_pid(x_error,1) h_output=h_pid.get_pid(h_error,1) print("h_output",h_output) car.run(-h_output-x_output,-h_output+x_output) else: car.run(10,-10)
最后是如此显示 ![0_1531728762292_@_SNM3RGHHPZ[VNY@HUMZPF.png](https://fcdn.singtown.com/d8c3377e-dfee-4793-8e0c-062df9e0118c.png)