标志位变化出现问题无法依靠标志位正确初始化其他变量

kenr

标志位变量定义为i时增减会出错
但是定义为flag 则正确增减
是因为与此处临时变量i冲突导致的吗？

for i in range(len(blobs)):
            #目标区域找到的颜色块（线段块）可能不止一个，找到最大的一个，作为本区域内的目标直线
                if blobs[i].pixels() > most_pixels:
                    most_pixels = blobs[i].pixels()
                    #merged_blobs[i][4]是这个颜色块的像素总数，如果此颜色块像素总数大于                     #most_pixels，则把本区域作为像素总数最大的颜色块。更新most_pixels和largest_blob
                    largest_blob = i

代码目的是循迹

出现bug的代码

# Black Grayscale Line Following Example
#
# Making a line following robot requires a lot of effort. This example script
# shows how to do the machine vision part of the line following robot. You
# can use the output from this script to drive a differential drive robot to
# follow a line. This script just generates a single turn value that tells
# your robot to go left or right.
#
# For this script to work properly you should point the camera at a line at a
# 45 or so degree angle. Please make sure that only the line is within the
# camera's field of view.

import sensor, image, time, math#调用声明
from pyb import UART
import json

# Tracks a black line. Use [(128, 255)] for a tracking a white line.
# GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 50)]
GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 80)]
#设置阈值，如果是黑线，GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 64)]；
#如果是白线，GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(128，255)]
#GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(190,255)]


# Each roi is (x, y, w, h). The line detection algorithm will try to find the
# centroid of the largest blob in each roi. The x position of the centroids
# will then be averaged with different weights where the most weight is assigned
# to the roi near the bottom of the image and less to the next roi and so on.
# ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
#         (0, 40, 80, 15, 0.7), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
#         (0, 20, 80, 15, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
#         (0, 00, 80, 15, 0.1)
#        ]

ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
        (0, 100, 160, 30, 0.7), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
        # 根据线宽 修改高度
        # 远处给的权重更大
        (0, 050, 160, 30, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
        # 权重后期需要调整
        # 应该需要使用全宽度160（即分辨率对应的最大值） 否则转弯貌似无法识别
        (0, 000, 160, 30, 0.1)
       ]

# ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
#         (20, 40, 40, 15, 0.1), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
#         (20, 20, 40, 15, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
#         (20, 00, 40, 15, 0.7)
#        ]
#roi代表三个取样区域，（x,y,w,h,weight）,代表左上顶点（x,y）宽高分别为w和h的矩形，
#weight为当前矩形的权值。注意本例程采用的QQVGA图像大小为160x120，roi即把图像横分成三个矩形。
#三个矩形的阈值要根据实际情况进行调整，离机器人视野最近的矩形权值要最大，
#如上图的最下方的矩形，即(0, 100, 160, 20, 0.7)

# Compute the weight divisor (we're computing this so you don't have to make weights add to 1).
weight_sum = 0 #权值和初始化
for r in ROIS: weight_sum += r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.
print("weight_sum_max")
print(weight_sum)
weight_sum = 0 #权值和初始化
current_x=current_y=0

#计算权值和。遍历上面的三个矩形，r[4]即每个矩形的权值。


# Camera setup...
sensor.reset() # Initialize the camera sensor.
# sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # use grayscale.
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.GRAYSCALE) # use grayscale.
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQVGA) # use QQVGA for speed.
# sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQQVGA) # use QQVGA for speed.
sensor.skip_frames(300) # Let new settings take affect.
#不要太小 否则容易卡顿

sensor.set_auto_gain(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
sensor.set_auto_whitebal(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
#关闭白平衡
clock = time.clock() # Tracks FPS.

uart = UART(3, 9600)#波特率两边要设置成一样


while(True):
    clock.tick() # Track elapsed milliseconds between snapshots().
    img = sensor.snapshot() # Take a picture and return the image.
    # uart = UART(3,19200)
    # uart.init(19200,bits=8,parity=None,stop=1)#init with given parameters

    centroid_sum = centroid_sum_y = 0
    i=0
    #print("i")
    #print(i)
    #利用颜色识别分别寻找三个矩形区域内的线段
    weight_sum = 1 #权值和初始化
    for r in ROIS:

        blobs = img.find_blobs(GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD, roi=r[0:4], merge=False)
        # blobs = img.find_blobs(GRAYSCALE_THRESHOL, roi=r[0:4], merge=True)

        # r[0:4] is roi tuple.
        #找到视野中的线,merge=true,将找到的图像区域合并成一个

        # 在每一个ROI都会执行下述语句 所以总共4个ROI

        #目标区域找到直线
        if blobs:
            i+=1
            print("flag ")
            print(i)
            if i ==1 :
                weight_sum = 0
            # Find the index of the blob with the most pixels.
            most_pixels = 0
            largest_blob = 0
            for i in range(len(blobs)):
            #目标区域找到的颜色块（线段块）可能不止一个，找到最大的一个，作为本区域内的目标直线
                if blobs[i].pixels() > most_pixels:
                    most_pixels = blobs[i].pixels()
                    #merged_blobs[i][4]是这个颜色块的像素总数，如果此颜色块像素总数大于                     #most_pixels，则把本区域作为像素总数最大的颜色块。更新most_pixels和largest_blob
                    largest_blob = i

            # Draw a rect around the blob.
            img.draw_rectangle(blobs[largest_blob].rect())
            img.draw_rectangle((0,0,20, 20))
            #将此区域的像素数最大的颜色块画矩形和十字形标记出来
            img.draw_cross(blobs[largest_blob].cx(),
                           blobs[largest_blob].cy())

            centroid_sum += blobs[largest_blob].cx() * r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.
            #计算centroid_sum，centroid_sum等于每个区域的最大颜色块的中心点的x坐标值乘本区域的权值
            centroid_sum_y += blobs[largest_blob].cy() * r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.

            print("centroid_x_proportion")
            print(centroid_sum)
            weight_sum += r[4]
            print("weight_sum_temp")
            print(weight_sum)
            if(r[4]==0.1):
                # 近处权重更小 计算当前位置
                current_x=blobs[largest_blob].cx()
                current_y=blobs[largest_blob].cy()
                print("current_x")
                print(current_x)
                print("current_y")
                print(current_y)
    print("weight ")
    print(weight_sum)
    # print("s")
    center_pos = (centroid_sum / weight_sum) # Determine center of line.
    center_pos_y = (centroid_sum_y / weight_sum)
    #中间公式
    print("center_pos_x ")

    print(center_pos)
    print("center_pos_y ")
    print(center_pos_y)



    # Convert the center_pos to a deflection angle. We're using a non-linear
    # operation so that the response gets stronger the farther off the line we
    # are. Non-linear operations are good to use on the output of algorithms
    # like this to cause a response "trigger".
    deflection_angle = 0
    #机器人应该转的角度

    # The 80 is from half the X res, the 60 is from half the Y res. The
    # equation below is just computing the angle of a triangle where the
    # opposite side of the triangle is the deviation of the center position
    # from the center and the adjacent side is half the Y res. This limits
    # the angle output to around -45 to 45. (It's not quite -45 and 45).

    #deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-80)/60)
    # deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-40)/30)
    if center_pos_y-current_y !=0 :
        deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-current_x)/(center_pos_y-current_y))
    #角度计算.80 60 分别为图像宽和高的一半，图像大小为QQVGA 160x120.
    #注意计算得到的是弧度值
    print("arc")

    print(deflection_angle)

    #1 Convert angle in radians to degrees.
    deflection_angle = math.degrees(deflection_angle)
    print("angle")

    print(deflection_angle)

    #将计算结果的弧度值转化为角度值
    A=deflection_angle
    print("Turn Angle: %d" % int (A))#输出时强制转换类型为int
    #print("Turn Angle: %d" % char (A))
    # Now you have an angle telling you how much to turn the robot by which
    # incorporates the part of the line nearest to the robot and parts of
    # the line farther away from the robot for a better prediction.
    print("Turn Angle: %f" % deflection_angle)
    #将结果打印在terminal中
    # uart_buf = bytearray([int (A)])
    # #uart_buf = bytearray([char (A)])
    # #uart.write(uart_buf)#区别于uart.writechar是输出字符型，这个函数可以输出int型
    # uart.write(uart_buf)
    # uart.writechar(0x41)#通信协议帧尾
    # uart.writechar(0x42)

    if int (A) > 0 :
        A=int(A)*10
    else:
        A=abs(int(A))*10+1
    data=str(A)
    print("transform")
    print(data)
    data_out = json.dumps(set(data))#将data转化为json
    uart.write('?'+data+'!')#写到缓冲区，由arduino进行读取
    # uart.write('?'+data+';'+data+'!')#写到缓冲区，由arduino进行读取

    #print('you send:',data_out)#写到串口监视端，让你能够看到数据

    time.sleep(1)#延时
    print("clock ")

    print(clock.fps()) # Note: Your OpenMV Cam runs about half as fast while
    # connected to your computer. The FPS should increase once disconnected.

修改后的代码

# Black Grayscale Line Following Example
#
# Making a line following robot requires a lot of effort. This example script
# shows how to do the machine vision part of the line following robot. You
# can use the output from this script to drive a differential drive robot to
# follow a line. This script just generates a single turn value that tells
# your robot to go left or right.
#
# For this script to work properly you should point the camera at a line at a
# 45 or so degree angle. Please make sure that only the line is within the
# camera's field of view.

import sensor, image, time, math#调用声明
from pyb import UART
import json

# Tracks a black line. Use [(128, 255)] for a tracking a white line.
# GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 50)]
GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 80)]
#设置阈值，如果是黑线，GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(0, 64)]；
#如果是白线，GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(128，255)]
#GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD = [(190,255)]


# Each roi is (x, y, w, h). The line detection algorithm will try to find the
# centroid of the largest blob in each roi. The x position of the centroids
# will then be averaged with different weights where the most weight is assigned
# to the roi near the bottom of the image and less to the next roi and so on.
# ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
#         (0, 40, 80, 15, 0.7), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
#         (0, 20, 80, 15, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
#         (0, 00, 80, 15, 0.1)
#        ]

ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
        (0, 100, 160, 30, 0.7), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
        # 根据线宽 修改高度
        # 远处给的权重更大
        (0, 050, 160, 30, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
        # 权重后期需要调整
        # 应该需要使用全宽度160（即分辨率对应的最大值） 否则转弯貌似无法识别
        (0, 000, 160, 30, 0.1)
       ]

# ROIS = [ # [ROI, weight]
#         (20, 40, 40, 15, 0.1), # You'll need to tweak the weights for you app
#         (20, 20, 40, 15, 0.3), # depending on how your robot is setup.
#         (20, 00, 40, 15, 0.7)
#        ]
#roi代表三个取样区域，（x,y,w,h,weight）,代表左上顶点（x,y）宽高分别为w和h的矩形，
#weight为当前矩形的权值。注意本例程采用的QQVGA图像大小为160x120，roi即把图像横分成三个矩形。
#三个矩形的阈值要根据实际情况进行调整，离机器人视野最近的矩形权值要最大，
#如上图的最下方的矩形，即(0, 100, 160, 20, 0.7)

# Compute the weight divisor (we're computing this so you don't have to make weights add to 1).
weight_sum = 0 #权值和初始化
for r in ROIS: weight_sum += r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.
print("weight_sum_max")
print(weight_sum)
weight_sum = 0 #权值和初始化
current_x=current_y=0

#计算权值和。遍历上面的三个矩形，r[4]即每个矩形的权值。


# Camera setup...
sensor.reset() # Initialize the camera sensor.
# sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # use grayscale.
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.GRAYSCALE) # use grayscale.
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQVGA) # use QQVGA for speed.
# sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQQVGA) # use QQVGA for speed.
sensor.skip_frames(300) # Let new settings take affect.
#不要太小 否则容易卡顿

sensor.set_auto_gain(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
sensor.set_auto_whitebal(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
#关闭白平衡
clock = time.clock() # Tracks FPS.

uart = UART(3, 9600)#波特率两边要设置成一样


while(True):
    clock.tick() # Track elapsed milliseconds between snapshots().
    img = sensor.snapshot() # Take a picture and return the image.
    # uart = UART(3,19200)
    # uart.init(19200,bits=8,parity=None,stop=1)#init with given parameters

    centroid_sum = centroid_sum_y = 0
    flag=0
    #print("i")
    #print(i)
    #利用颜色识别分别寻找三个矩形区域内的线段
    weight_sum = 1 #权值和初始化
    for r in ROIS:

        blobs = img.find_blobs(GRAYSCALE_THRESHOLD, roi=r[0:4], merge=False)
        # blobs = img.find_blobs(GRAYSCALE_THRESHOL, roi=r[0:4], merge=True)

        # r[0:4] is roi tuple.
        #找到视野中的线,merge=true,将找到的图像区域合并成一个

        # 在每一个ROI都会执行下述语句 所以总共4个ROI

        #目标区域找到直线
        if blobs:
            flag+=1
            # 不要用i 用flag
            print("flag ")
            print(flag)
            if flag ==1 :
                weight_sum = 0
            # Find the index of the blob with the most pixels.
            most_pixels = 0
            largest_blob = 0
            for i in range(len(blobs)):
            #目标区域找到的颜色块（线段块）可能不止一个，找到最大的一个，作为本区域内的目标直线
                if blobs[i].pixels() > most_pixels:
                    most_pixels = blobs[i].pixels()
                    #merged_blobs[i][4]是这个颜色块的像素总数，如果此颜色块像素总数大于                     #most_pixels，则把本区域作为像素总数最大的颜色块。更新most_pixels和largest_blob
                    largest_blob = i

            # Draw a rect around the blob.
            img.draw_rectangle(blobs[largest_blob].rect())
            img.draw_rectangle((0,0,20, 20))
            #将此区域的像素数最大的颜色块画矩形和十字形标记出来
            img.draw_cross(blobs[largest_blob].cx(),
                           blobs[largest_blob].cy())

            centroid_sum += blobs[largest_blob].cx() * r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.
            #计算centroid_sum，centroid_sum等于每个区域的最大颜色块的中心点的x坐标值乘本区域的权值
            centroid_sum_y += blobs[largest_blob].cy() * r[4] # r[4] is the roi weight.

            print("centroid_x_proportion")
            print(centroid_sum)
            weight_sum += r[4]
            print("weight_sum_temp")
            print(weight_sum)
            if(r[4]==0.1):
                # 近处权重更小 计算当前位置
                current_x=blobs[largest_blob].cx()
                current_y=blobs[largest_blob].cy()
                print("current_x")
                print(current_x)
                print("current_y")
                print(current_y)
    print("weight ")
    print(weight_sum)
    # print("s")
    center_pos = (centroid_sum / weight_sum) # Determine center of line.
    center_pos_y = (centroid_sum_y / weight_sum)
    #中间公式
    print("center_pos_x ")

    print(center_pos)
    print("center_pos_y ")
    print(center_pos_y)



    # Convert the center_pos to a deflection angle. We're using a non-linear
    # operation so that the response gets stronger the farther off the line we
    # are. Non-linear operations are good to use on the output of algorithms
    # like this to cause a response "trigger".
    deflection_angle = 0
    #机器人应该转的角度

    # The 80 is from half the X res, the 60 is from half the Y res. The
    # equation below is just computing the angle of a triangle where the
    # opposite side of the triangle is the deviation of the center position
    # from the center and the adjacent side is half the Y res. This limits
    # the angle output to around -45 to 45. (It's not quite -45 and 45).

    #deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-80)/60)
    # deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-40)/30)
    if center_pos_y-current_y !=0 :
        deflection_angle = -math.atan((center_pos-current_x)/(center_pos_y-current_y))
    #角度计算.80 60 分别为图像宽和高的一半，图像大小为QQVGA 160x120.
    #注意计算得到的是弧度值
    print("arc")

    print(deflection_angle)

    #1 Convert angle in radians to degrees.
    deflection_angle = math.degrees(deflection_angle)
    print("angle")

    print(deflection_angle)

    #将计算结果的弧度值转化为角度值
    A=deflection_angle
    print("Turn Angle: %d" % int (A))#输出时强制转换类型为int
    #print("Turn Angle: %d" % char (A))
    # Now you have an angle telling you how much to turn the robot by which
    # incorporates the part of the line nearest to the robot and parts of
    # the line farther away from the robot for a better prediction.
    print("Turn Angle: %f" % deflection_angle)
    #将结果打印在terminal中
    # uart_buf = bytearray([int (A)])
    # #uart_buf = bytearray([char (A)])
    # #uart.write(uart_buf)#区别于uart.writechar是输出字符型，这个函数可以输出int型
    # uart.write(uart_buf)
    # uart.writechar(0x41)#通信协议帧尾
    # uart.writechar(0x42)

    if int (A) > 0 :
        A=int(A)*10
    else:
        A=abs(int(A))*10+1
    data=str(A)
    print("transform")
    print(data)
    data_out = json.dumps(set(data))#将data转化为json
    uart.write('?'+data+'!')#写到缓冲区，由arduino进行读取
    # uart.write('?'+data+';'+data+'!')#写到缓冲区，由arduino进行读取

    #print('you send:',data_out)#写到串口监视端，让你能够看到数据

    time.sleep(1)#延时
    print("clock ")

    print(clock.fps()) # Note: Your OpenMV Cam runs about half as fast while
    # connected to your computer. The FPS should increase once disconnected.

kidswong999

变量i的范围是本函数，你第90行定义的i，范围是整个文件，相当于全局变量。第115行是直接把i给改动了。

标志位变化出现问题 无法依靠标志位 正确初始化其他变量

标志位变化出现问题无法依靠标志位正确初始化其他变量