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官网上的!!!巡线小车例程报错
THRESHOLD = (5, 70, -23, 15, -57, 0) # Grayscale threshold for dark things... import sensor, image, time from pyb import LED import car from pid import PID rho_pid = PID(p=0.4, i=0) theta_pid = PID(p=0.001, i=0) LED(1).on() LED(2).on() LED(3).on() sensor.reset() sensor.set_vflip(True) sensor.set_hmirror(True) sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQQVGA) # 80x60 (4,800 pixels) - O(N^2) max = 2,3040,000. #sensor.set_windowing([0,20,80,40]) sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000) # WARNING: If you use QQVGA it may take seconds clock = time.clock() # to process a frame sometimes. while(True): clock.tick() img = sensor.snapshot().binary([THRESHOLD]) line = img.get_regression([(100,100,0,0,0,0)], robust = True) if (line): rho_err = abs(line.rho())-img.width()/2 if line.theta()>90: theta_err = line.theta()-180 else: theta_err = line.theta() img.draw_line(line.line(), color = 127) print(rho_err,line.magnitude(),rho_err) if line.magnitude()>8: #if -40<b_err<40 and -30<t_err<30: rho_output = rho_pid.get_pid(rho_err,1) theta_output = theta_pid.get_pid(theta_err,1) output = rho_output+theta_output car.run(50+output, 50-output) else: car.run(0,0) else: car.run(50,-50) pass #print(clock.fps())
from pyb import Pin, Timer
inverse_left=False #change it to True to inverse left wheel
inverse_right=False #change it to True to inverse right wheelain1 = Pin('P0', Pin.OUT_PP)
ain2 = Pin('P1', Pin.OUT_PP)
bin1 = Pin('P2', Pin.OUT_PP)
bin2 = Pin('P3', Pin.OUT_PP)
ain1.low()
ain2.low()
bin1.low()
bin2.low()pwma = Pin('P7')
pwmb = Pin('P8')
tim = Timer(4, freq=1000)
ch1 = tim.channel(1, Timer.PWM, pin=pwma)
ch2 = tim.channel(2, Timer.PWM, pin=pwmb)
ch1.pulse_width_percent(0)
ch2.pulse_width_percent(0)def run(left_speed, right_speed):
if inverse_left==True:
left_speed=(-left_speed)
if inverse_right==True:
right_speed=(-right_speed)if left_speed < 0: ain1.low() ain2.high() else: ain1.high() ain2.low() ch1.pulse_width_percent(abs(left_speed)) if right_speed < 0: bin1.low() bin2.high() else: bin1.high() bin2.low() ch2.pulse_width_percent(abs(right_speed))
from pyb import millis from math import pi, isnan class PID: _kp = _ki = _kd = _integrator = _imax = 0 _last_error = _last_derivative = _last_t = 0 _RC = 1/(2 * pi * 20) def __init__(self, p=0, i=0, d=0, imax=0): self._kp = float(p) self._ki = float(i) self._kd = float(d) self._imax = abs(imax) self._last_derivative = float('nan') def get_pid(self, error, scaler): tnow = millis() dt = tnow - self._last_t output = 0 if self._last_t == 0 or dt > 1000: dt = 0 self.reset_I() self._last_t = tnow delta_time = float(dt) / float(1000) output += error * self._kp if abs(self._kd) > 0 and dt > 0: if isnan(self._last_derivative): derivative = 0 self._last_derivative = 0 else: derivative = (error - self._last_error) / delta_time derivative = self._last_derivative + \ ((delta_time / (self._RC + delta_time)) * \ (derivative - self._last_derivative)) self._last_error = error self._last_derivative = derivative output += self._kd * derivative output *= scaler if abs(self._ki) > 0 and dt > 0: self._integrator += (error * self._ki) * scaler * delta_time if self._integrator < -self._imax: self._integrator = -self._imax elif self._integrator > self._imax: self._integrator = self._imax output += self._integrator return output def reset_I(self): self._integrator = 0 self._last_derivative = float('nan')